Of Rocks and Hard Places: What U.S. Policy on Critical Minerals Means for Europe
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What U.S. Policy on Critical Minerals Means for Europe
The report, titled “Of Rocks and Hard Places: What U.S. Policy on Critical Minerals Means for Europe,” highlights how increasing U.S. demand, industrial policy, and strategic stockpiling are intensifying global competition for non-Chinese resources—potentially placing Europe under growing pressure between U.S. and Chinese supply systems.
Executive Summary
The U.S. has emerged as a structuring force in global critical raw materials (CRMs) markets, next to China. Its “pull” has begun to redirect capital, projects, industrial investment, and long-term offtake agreements toward the American market.
Europe's supply security, already strained by increasing Chinese export controls, is coming under additional pressure due to the pace and scale of U.S. efforts to snap up the remaining CRMs on global markets.
Despite the EU’s Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA) and national raw materials initiatives, Europe is falling behind in the race to secure CRMs and at risk of being at the mercy of decisions made in Washington and Beijing.